Analysis Of Running Head Voices War - 1161 Words

Running head: VOICES IN WAR What Is a Voice in War? Name Date What Is a Voice in War? How do you give someone a voice? In this culture today, many people are relegated to the file similar to out of sight out of mind. Unfortunately, this reality is what faces many veterans from the US military and have returned from war only to be marginalized and embroiled in a more obscure conflict from within. Using art can bring a change to a veteran’s health and well-being in addition to traditional treatment from a medical perspective of using medications. Having a voice expresses intelligence, emotion and conveys the identity and uniqueness of an individual. Each person has a unique perspective from the life experiences and brings†¦show more content†¦These photographs are emotionally charged and show varying degrees of emotional conflict by the facial and bodily postures. â€Å"On August 8th, 2014, student and photographer Devin Mitchell began backpacking/traveling the west coast in search of veteran stories in hopes of illustrating these individuals through the art of pictures. The Veteran Vision Project is a photo documentary, featuring authentic military service members and their lives† (Mitchell, 2015). The Veteran s Vision Project uses photography and the mirror to illustrate the many reanges of problems veterans are facing after service in the United States military. There is a wide range of emotions, relations and in some cases the mental dilemma that stands in front of the veteran. By not using any words the artist is trying to show by body posture and facial expressions that can readily show how a person is changed by war. Now most images are serious and show some level of struggle to try to live in a culture where the idea of war is ignored or almost non-existent. Most all reflections have a military image on one side or the other, but in a couple of cases have uniforms on both sides of the mirror. Standing at attention in uniform is the usual stance of military bearing and the almost steely eyed focus of a determined effort to fight a war is a standard of conduct. Now after the time is served, some come from service to find that

Abigail Adams Chapter Guide Free Essays

Haley Young Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams Reading Journal Chapter 1: A Minister’s Daughter * Abigail was born to Reverend William Smith and his wife Elizabeth in Weymouth parsonage in Massachusetts. * She has two sisters, Mary and Betsey. The main point of this chapter was to showcase the religious, family-oriented background that Abigail was raised in. We will write a custom essay sample on Abigail Adams Chapter Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now It explains why she is so focused on her family and John later in her life. It also explains her penname â€Å"Diana† and her love for literature and being involved in politics, after being taught to read at a young age. Chapter 2: John * Abigail and John were married on October 25, 1764. The maim point of this chapter is to show the love developing between John and Abigail. The way they were not attracted to each other at first explains why they work together so well. They have different views on things so they balance each other out. Their love for each other also sets up their depression during their separation later in their lives. Chapter 3: Wife and Mother * Abigail and John had six children: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth (stillborn). The main point of this chapter is to show the Adams family growing. Abigail’s deep connection to her kids at such a young age explains her sadness later on in her life when they are no longer with her, especially when her sons begin to leave home with their father to help with his politics and see the world. It also explains her connection to Nabby, since after Susanna and Elizabeth died young; Nabby was the only Adams daughter. Chapter 4: Politics * John elected representative to Massachusetts legislature, then later chosen as a delegate to the Continental Congress. Chapter 5: War Abigail had to raise her kids and deal with the family farm buy herself while John was away in Philadelphia. Chapter 6: Independence * Abigail used her influence over John to fight for women’s’ rights and representation during the drafting of the Constitution. * John was elected commissioner to France. Chapter 7: A Woman’s Sacrifice * While John was away in Europe, Abigail once again had to run her household on her own, which put her into a depression. Chapter 8: The Long Separation * After his commission to France, John was elected minister plenipotentiary which extended his stay in Europe. Chapter 9: Years of Decision * While John was in Europe, Abigail couldn’t decide whether or not to join him, but when he was commissioned to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, she and Nabby decided to go and join him in Europe. * Nabby fell in love with Royall Tyler so the trip was also to see if their love would last. Chapter 10: Europe * Abigail liked London because of the class but disliked Paris because she thought it was dirty and the people were rude. * The servants did less in Europe, so it was more expensive to run a household ,which frustrated Abigail. John was then appointed minister to London by congress. Chapter 11: â€Å"The Ambassadress† * Abigail was overwhelmed by the wealth of the royal court in London. * She and John were not used to the expenses of clothing, servants, and hosting dinners for other dignitaries. This was made even worse by the low salary John was being paid by Congress. Chapter 12: A Homesick American * In London, Abigai l continued to miss American and her easy-going life in the countryside because she felt confined in the city in London. Chapter 13: The Vice President’s Lady * After Europe, Abigail was sure that she wanted her husband to continue his political career. * In March of 1779, John was elected Vice President, so the whole Adams family moved to New York to serve with George and Martha Washington, the new president and first lady. * Once again, like London, Abigail had many social obligations to fulfill as the second lady of the United States. * Congress then moved the capital city to Philadelphia, so once again the Adams family had to move. Chapter 14: An Interlude at Quincy * For John’s second term as Vice President, Abigail spent most of her time back in Braintree running the farm. * After her health scare while moving to Philadelphia, The Adams family didn’t want to risk her getting even more sick. * In 1796, George Washington announced he would not serve a third term as president, which made people speculate that John would succeed him. John would have to run against Thomas Jefferson in order to do so. Chapter 15: Mrs. President * John’s election made Abigail nervous. John was not as widely supported as Washington. * Abigail played a huge role in John’s presidency by expressing her opinions in politics, which was uncommon for a woman of the time. * While living in Philadelphia for John’s presidency, Abigail grew to enjoy the city. Chapter 16: â€Å"The Federal City†: * When John’s political career ended, Abigail returned to Quincy to a busy home full of her family. * Abigail soon set out for Washington, the new capital city, but when John was not reelected, they both returned. Chapter 17: The Matriarch of Peacefield * With both John and Abigail back in Quincy, Abigail took right back to being the matriarch of the house and taking care of her numerous grandchildren. * Abigail enjoyed having her husband always with her, and helping to raise her small grandchildren while in retirement. Chapter 18: The Curtain Falls * On October 28, 1817, Abigail died after falling ill with typhoid fever, at age 73. * Abigail was able to die peacefully with most of her family around her. How to cite Abigail Adams Chapter Guide, Essay examples

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Health Care-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive behavioural therapy in health care. Answer: Introduction: The aftermath of an accident is often much harder to deal with that the actual incident. There are many repercussions that haunt the victims even after years of the accidents they have encountered. The trauma of an accidents is a major cause of mental health adversities in many of the accident victims and there are instances where the victims have to seek out professional mental health care for the post traumatic stress disorders, furthermore, the burden of the accident is even higher for the unfortunate victims that have had to go through a disability due to the accident, it has to be understood that any accident acquired disability is associated with not just physical repercussions but there are many psychological restrictions that facilitate extreme burden on the psychological health and well being of the victims (O'Donnell et al. 2013). This assignment will make use of the theories and principles of the cognitive behavioural therapy are order to design supportive care taking the assistance of a case study. Brief description of the case study: The case study represents the case similar of the patient who had to go through a severe spinal injury due to an accident. Andrew, the patient under focus in the case study had become disabled due to the accident. It has to be mentioned here that Andrews had been a passionate young man with a job and life ahead of him, where an accident changed his life forever and put him in a wheelchair. There are many restrictions that he struggles with in his daily life; on a more elaborative note, Andrew present is paralyzed from the waist down and needs assistance in mundane everyday works like moving around the house in his wheel chair, bathing, and most important going outside the house on his own is completely impossible for the patient under consideration. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that his parents are also very worried about the wellbeing of their disabled son due to the fact the he could not survive without a full time assistance. The financial constraint on the family is al so rising with the retirement of Andrews father nearing, the patient and his parents are worried if they are going to be able to afford the car needs that a disabled individual needs. Along with that, another very significant objective data about the patients is the complete powerlessness and dependence that the patient feels. On a more elaborative note, he had been unable to voice his needs and grievances to his parents in the fear of offending them and his helplessness. And his helplessness and powerlessness has facilitated feelings of agitation, irritation and anger, which is being reflected oh his actions and his response to his mothers attention to him. The patients is going through extreme mood swings and he is constantly worried about his future. He is worried about becoming too flabby for sitting idle in his wheelchair all day. Even when he meets his older friends, he feels inadequate and inferior to them, his past relationships have ended because of his accident as well and these incidents have increased the psychological burden on the patient. Hence, in this condition the patient is in desperate need for supportive care from the professionals and supportive assistance from the community disability aid and mental health services (O'Donnell et al. 2015). Interpersonal skills needed: It has to be understood that the patient under focus for this case has a variety of different care priorities and a care design for Andrew will have to take into consideration an interdisciplinary practice. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned that the most important concern with a disabled patient is the adequate verbal and nonverbal communication skills. It has to be understood that a disabled individual goes through a myriad of different restrictions and hence the dependence on the care provider often leaves the patient with discomfort, agitation and he tendency to get offended very easily (Beck 2011). In order to provide optimal care to such a patient, it is crucial for the care provider to develop a therapeutic relationship with the patient and build a mutual respect where the patient feels comfortable with the care provider and can feel free to share any grievances with the care provider. The communication approach in this case has to be very compassionate and understandi ng, so that the patient can interpret the genuine concern and insight and then respond to it (Craske 2010). The next interpersonal skills with utmost importance for the care scenario is the nonverbal communication, it has to be understood that the response of the care seeker to the approaches of the care provider is often dependent on the nonverbal gestures of the care provider. For instance the body language and eye contact often play a huge role in gaining the trust of the care seeker. In this case the care provider has to be very friendly and warm in his approach so that Andrew feels engagement and companionship rather than being crowded (Hofmann et al. 2012). The tone of voice and communication style also has a profound effect on the relationship between a care provider and seeker. In this case, the tone of voice and style has to be respectful and empathetic so that the patient feels empowered and is not offended by any manner. Other than that, the insightful behaviour and open communication are two interpersonal skills that will help the care provider gain the confidence of the patien t and help him regain control in his life. Lastly, it has to be understood that the sensitivity and respectful approach to the opinions, believes and perspectives of the patients and his family members (Tolin 2010). Cognitive behavioural approach and its link to the case study: Cognitive behavioural theory is one of the greatest approaches that can help the care providers take up the best approach to improve the health and wellbeing of the patients. The cognitive behavioural approach is primarily utilized to treat any mental health disorders, however the underpinning theories and principles can be very effective in determining and categorizing the care needs of a disability victim and can design better care plan for the same. The main ideology of the cognitive behavioural theory is based on three core areas of human behaviour, cognition, emotion and finally the response or behaviour (Wetherell et al. 2011). On a more elaborative note, cognitive behavioural therapy identifies the negative interpretation and thinking in an individual and thereby the equally negative reactions. For instance, it has to be understood that the general assumption of the cognitive behavioural therapy dictates that any anomaly or abnormality in the behaviour is generated from a flaw ed cognition and interpretation about the world and ownself. These faulty cognitions facilitate distortions in the thinking procedure and the distorted mental representation distorts the behaviour or reaction. There are two particular theories that can be easily correlated with the cognitive behavioural therapy, such as the learning theory and the emotional processing theory. The learning theory states that the behavioural modifications in an individual is dependent on the environmental cues, where as the emotional processing theory provides a framework to understand the onset of behavioural issues and post traumatic stress disorder (Arch et al. 2012). In case of Andrew, it has to be mentioned that the onset of behavioural issues and depression the patient had been due to the faulty perception of the restrictions and troubles he had been encountering in life due to his disability and the confinements that it has introduced in his life. According to the cognitive behavioural approach, the faulty and contorted perception of any activity or incidence is the main contributing factor behind the abnormal behaviours in the individuals and in order to effectively and successfully addresses the behavioural issues and the resultant stress and withdrawal; it is imperative t address the contorted perception (Deblinger et al. 2011). As per the cognitive behavioural therapy, for every negative interpretation of life, there can be a positive alternative interpretation, and the patients have to be encouraged to opt for the positive interpretation instead of the negative one and gradually the behaviour of the patient under therapy will also change positively (Carroll 2011). Possible solution: The possible recommendation to follow for the patient under consideration will need to begin with the patient indentifying the distorted cognitions with the help of a evaluative process. In this case, the patient has distorted conception of his disabilities and the restrictions that these disabilities have posed on him. Along with that, Andrew has a basic idea that due to his dependence and powerlessness, he cannot express his own choices and preferences to his parents. Along with that his perspective guides him to believe that his mothers concern for him is out of pity and his friends disinterest is due to him being crippled. Lastly, it has to be mentioned that Andrew believes he has no future and his life has no meaning anymore that he is dependent on the care providers and he is beginning to feel like a burden (Mitchell et al. 2012). The cognitive therapists will have to help him identify the root to these contorted perceptions and will help him learn to discriminate between his p erception and the reality. The second step of the solution will be encourage the patient to document his change in feelings, if Andrew can document every time the contorted thoughts he can document how he could change it with a positive interpretation and what effect did it impart on his response. This documentation will not only be exceptionally beneficial for him to evaluate his irrational thoughts and how he can convert it to rational thoughts, it will provide a sense of control and power over his own progress. According to the most of the authors, the empowerments and being included in the care planning and implementation procedure enhances the involvement and interest of the patient in their own care plans. And hence, the journals will be a great outlet for Andrew to express his feelings and discover where his thoughts are being distorted and with what kind of positive thoughts he would like to replace them with (Addington et al. 2011). On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that the use of rational emotive behavioural therapy can be excellent for the patient to learn how to convert the irrational believes to rational and optimistic believes. Along with that, the use of ASC model of irrational beliefs provide a step by step framework for the patients and his therapist to follow, by the means of three basic steps, activating event, beliefs, and consequence. The cognitive triad is another set of exponential therapeutic intervention for the patient that suffers through spontaneity of negative thoughts. This triad is based on three basic steps, the negative view of the self, the negative view of the world and resultant negative view of the future (Leichsenring et al. 2013). In this case, due to his paralysis, Andrew had very negative view of himself due to his incompetence and a very negative view of his surroundings as well, be it his parents or the rest due to his dependence and hence as a result of both h e had pessimistic perception of his future. Targeting all thereof these elements can be beneficial for him to overcome the behavioural issues. Ethical considerations: It has to be understood that like any the psychotherapy, the utilization of the cognitive behavioural therapy is no exception to ethical constraints. Ethical practice is a major practice priority among the cognitive behavioural therapists, and in cases where the patients are relatively powerless while receiving the treatment, the ethical constraints are even more imperative. First and foremost, the confidentiality and privacy of the patient has to be maintained and along with that, the importance of informed consent is even more crucial for CBT (Brabban et al. 2017). Along with that, the application of different models of cognitive behavioural therapy often is unconsciously or consciously forceful while changing the cognitions of the patients, which needs to be avoided at all costs. Along with that, even though the fact that cognitive behavioural therapy deals with the concept of transference only marginally, care has to be taken that the transference is not favouring the therapist a nd offending the patient (Sookman 2015). Usefulness of the approach: It has to be mentioned in this context, that the cognitive behavioural therapy is a exceptionally important tool in understanding the behavioural issues of the clients seeking therapy and root cause behind. The therapy is extremely suitable for understanding human behaviour because it focuses on the human thought process and the impact of the thoughts. According to the authors, human behaviour is complex, and the path of the thought process is responsible for both accomplishments and challenges. This therapy hypothesizes on the fact that the behavioural issues are focused on the maladaptive and negative assumptions and perceptions of human mind in any adverse situation and hence their responses or actions are correlated with the degree or nature of the negativity of the assumptions. Hence, the cognitive behavioural therapy provides a useful cause and effect framework to follow and discover the human behavioural issues successfully. Personal reflection: This case study has given me an incredible opportunity to utilize and reflect on my psychological knowledge and expertise in a real world and practical social care providing scenario. This case study required me to read and understand thecognitive behavioural therapy in detail and apply the theoretical principles and assumptions to the case of Andrew. However, I would also like to mention that the process of researching the cognitive behavioural therapy helped me discover key points of human behaviour. I have understood that our perception of any situation is the driving factor behind our actions and in turn our future. Hence we can control the path our future can take if we can control the perception and thoughts about anyone and anything in a particular scenario. This has been a tremendous life lesson for me and I will ensure to implement positive interpretation even in adverse scenarios so that in the social care setting as well, my positive outlook can benefit and inspire my care seekers and can help them find their way back to better living. The case study of Andrew has given me an insight on the practical real life challenges and scenarios that I, as a social care provider can encounter in the future. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that this case study has given me opportunity to understand the behavioural issues Andrew was facing and discover the root cause of the issue with te help of cognitive behavioural therapy. Along with that, I had also the opportunity to recommend care solutions for Andrew and outline the ethical considerations applicable to the case. Hence, I can proudly state that this has been a perfect opportunity to test my skills and expertise and I can state that I am ready for my career in the social care setting. Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be stated that the stress and the trauma for the accident acquired injuries and resultant disabilities can be huge on the victim and can even lead to many mental health co-morbidities. Hence, in order to avoid such serious consequences, the aid of community social care support can be extremely effective. Although there are many approaches that can help the victims overcome the mental and physical stress that these victims go through, the most important and most frequently used therapy is the cognitive behavioural therapy. This case study utilized the use of different models of cognitive behavioural therapy and the use of this therapy helped in designing a useful and suitable care plan for the patient. Hence, cognitive behavioural therapy is a potent tool in deciphering human behaviour and any anomaly associated with it, with more research emphasis, this therapy can be integrated to many mental and behavioural health issues. References: Addington, J., Epstein, I., Liu, L., French, P., Boydell, K.M. and Zipursky, R.B., 2011. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis.Schizophrenia research,125(1), pp.54-61. Arch, J.J., Eifert, G.H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J.C.P., Rose, R.D. and Craske, M.G., 2012. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,80(5), p.750. Beck, J.S., 2011. Cognitive-behavioral therapy.Clinical textbook of addictive disorders, pp.474-501. Bird, V., Premkumar, P., Kendall, T., Whittington, C., Mitchell, J. and Kuipers, E., 2010. Early intervention services, cognitivebehavioural therapy and family intervention in early psychosis: systematic review.The British Journal of Psychiatry,197(5), pp.350-356. Brabban, A., Byrne, R., Longden, E. and Morrison, A.P., 2017. The importance of human relationships, ethics and recovery-orientated values in the delivery of CBT for people with psychosis.Psychosis,9(2), pp.157-166. Carroll, K.M., 2011. Cognitive behavioral therapy.Lowinson and Ruizs Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook, pp.593-602. Craske, M.G., 2010.Cognitivebehavioral therapy. American Psychological Association. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A.P., Cohen, J.A., Runyon, M.K. and Steer, R.A., 2011. Trauma?focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length.Depression and anxiety,28(1), pp.67-75. Dryden, W. and Branch, R. eds., 2011.The CBT handbook. Sage. Ehde, D.M., Dillworth, T.M. and Turner, J.A., 2014. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: efficacy, innovations, and directions for research.American Psychologist,69(2), p.153. Hofmann, S.G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I.J., Sawyer, A.T. and Fang, A., 2012. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), pp.427-440. Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M.E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K. and Ritter, V., 2013. Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.American Journal of Psychiatry,170(7), pp.759-767. Mitchell, M.D., Gehrman, P., Perlis, M. and Umscheid, C.A., 2012. Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review.BMC family practice,13(1), p.40. O'Donnell, M.L., Grant, G., Alkemade, N., Spittal, M., Creamer, M., Silove, D., McFarlane, A., Bryant, R.A., Forbes, D. and Studdert, D.M., 2015. Compensation seeking and disability after injury: the role of compensation-related stress and mental health.The Journal of clinical psychiatry,76(8), pp.e1000-5. O'Donnell, M.L., Varker, T., Holmes, A.C., Ellen, S., Wade, D., Creamer, M., Silove, D., McFarlane, A., Bryant, R.A. and Forbes, D., 2013. Disability after injury: the cumulative burden of physical and mental health.The Journal of clinical psychiatry. Olatunji, B.O., Cisler, J.M. and Deacon, B.J., 2010. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: a review of meta-analytic findings.Psychiatric Clinics,33(3), pp.557-577. Rector, N.A. and Beck, A.T., 2012. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia: An Empirical Review Neil A. Rector, PhD and Aaron T. Beck, MD (2001). Reprinted from the J Nerv Ment Dis 189: 278287.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,200(10), pp.832-839. Sookman, D., 2015. Ethical Practice of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. InThe Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Tolin, D.F., 2010. Is cognitivebehavioral therapy more effective than other therapies?: A meta-analytic review.Clinical psychology review,30(6), pp.710-720. Wetherell, J.L., Afari, N., Rutledge, T., Sorrell, J.T., Stoddard, J.A., Petkus, A.J., Solomon, B.C., Lehman, D.H., Liu, L., Lang, A.J. and Atkinson, J.H., 2011. A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain.Pain,152(9), pp.2098-2107.

The Jazz Age free essay sample

The Jazz Age 1920 ;s Like all the changes during the course of history that the United States has experienced The Jazz age can be explained as a time to experiment and try different styles. This period was taken place during a time when big businesses started to grow even bigger and the United states became even more Industrialized. The Jazz Age happened after WWW. During WWW everyone was focused on the war. Everything the people would do was to benefit the war. Once the war was over most of the Americans were ready to experience new styles and start all over again.There were changes in clothes, women, music, writers evolved, crime increased, and daily life changed during this time. Women during WWW wanted to push for womens rights. Eventually the nineteenth amendment was passed for womens rights. Most of the women had husbands that were in combat during the war so women had to leave their housewife routine and work the Jobs that their husbands left once the war started. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jazz Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the war women changed their look. A new trend started in which women were called flappers. Flappers were no longer the typical housewife, they smoked, drank, went out dancing, ND they voted.These women were more liberal, they wore shorter dresses and cut their hair really short. Another name for these women during The Jazz Age was also twiggy. After the war women wanted to avoid all the rules and the typical role they had to play. Jazz was being played everywhere by the sasss for example dance halls, speakeasies, and all over the country. Before Jazz was being introduced more in the country it was considered the devils music. Jazz is basically a mixture of experimental blues ragtime. Composers of Jazz mixed ragtime Into there music which soon became known as Jazz. Some of these composers were Pan Alley and Irving Berlin.Jazz Influenced everyone In America and even western Europe. In todays society music influences in how we dress and talk. Jazz during this period influenced how people acted after the war. Going out to these dances and liberating themselves was a way to avoid all the rules. A popular dance move during this period was called the Charleston. Besides Jazz, Broadway shows were very popular during this time. This form of entertainment not only brought a way to pass time but It also was a way to make a profit. The directors of these shows took these shows very seriously In order o provide quality entertainment to everyone.One of the most famous Broadway show was Sally, No, No, Nanette. The fashion trend during The Jazz Age showed the rapid changes in the people. Before this period women wore really long dresses, long sleeve shirts, their hair was long, and most of their clothing was conservative. Men used to wear baggy clothing, and cuffs on the sleeves. These old fashion clothing was known as the Titanic their hair was short with feathered headbands. Although when women started to wear these short dresses it shocked the world most of these trends inspired some of he clothing we wear today. Mens style was inspired by a man named Rudolph Valentine.He would wear his hair parted in the middle and pulled back. Men wore straw hats or flat tops and for an everyday look men would wear sport coats. The life style during The Jazz Age was carefree. There was not the typical united family. During this period the first affordable car was invented by Henry Ford. This car was called the Model-T. The car changed how the people lived. For example before the Jazz age if a girl wanted to date a boy she would of have to date him in her home where the parents were around to watch them. This was called parlor dating. The auto freed the youth from parlor dating.It gave the youth a feel of freedom. The invention of this affordable car also allowed families to move farther away from the inner city. The problem that occurred with this new invention is that it decreased church attendance. Families now would rather go out on Sunday drives than go to church. Crime also increased in the cities and the corruption of the youth was caused because of the automobile. We now can see crime everywhere we go. During this period gangs began to form and illegal bars were created. AH Capons was the leading role to all these crimes. He is known as one of the greatest gangsters in the United States.Prohibition was basically a law during this time that made alcohol illegal. Most of the Americans were in favor of this. But there a few that voted against this law. When gangs formed they took over many communities and opened speakeasies, which is an illegal underground bar. In a speakeasies these gangs would sneak in alcohol by bribing the police with the alcohol. The people that had the Job of sneaking in this alcohol were called bootleggers. In order to stop these crimes the 21st amendment was pushed wrought which repealed the 18th amendment and prohibition was mandated nation wide.Many writers evolved during this time most of them from the Harlem Renaissance. This time period took place between sass and sass. This period was known as a literary and intellectual that showed a new identity for African Americans. A critic and a teacher called it a spiritual coming of age in which African Americans can express themselves and show self determination. African Americans owned their own newspapers and magazines. This separated them from the mainstream. One of the leading magazines was written by Charles S. Johnson. His magazine became the leading voice for African Americans.Other writers were W. E. B Dubos, Longs Hughes, and Counted Sullen. This new artistic movement came from New Orleans. It can also be known as the hot spot for arts. The genre in this period was known as modernism and the new form of Jazz poetry. Most of the writers would write about their life during slavery and traditions that they had. This period gave African Americans a new identity in which they could expand their way of thinking nation wide. Many white literacy became interested with the writers of this time and they loud publish their works on a higher level. Hughes said that acceptance by the white world was less important than the expression of our individual dark-skinned selves. Only focused on social and culture issues during this time. People wanted the government to interfere less in their lives. By the time the war was over Americans were tired of the war and attempts to pass moral legislation. People in the end wanted a simple way of life. Most teenagers looked for a way to not follow rules by acting out and doing outrageous things. The image of the sass in the end was prosperity, a new life, and a deep culture conflict. Costello, The Jazz Age free essay sample The Jazz music of the Big Band Era was the peak of over thirty years of musical development. Jazz was so innovative and different that It could literally sweep the world, changing the musical styles of nearly every country. Big band Jazz that makes the feet tap and the heart race with excitement that It Is recognized with nearly every type of music. The musical and cultural revolution that brought about Jazz was a direct result of African-Americans pursuing careers In the arts following the united States civil war. As slaves African-Americans has learned few European cultural radiation.With more freedom to pursue careers in the arts and bringing African artistic traditions to their work, African-Americans changed music and dance, not only in the U. S. , but all over the world. For after the war, African American dancers and musicians created work that was not similar by hundreds of years of musical and dance traditions brought from the peasant villages of Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jazz Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The music of Europe had a more base structure. European music through the nineteenth century was melodically based, with a square or waltz rhythmic structure. Differently, muchAfrican music has an organization which Is based around rhythm and accent, rhythms and accents that may actually shift and move In relation to each other as the music progresses. The big change that took place In music rhythmically was the shift away from the rhythmic structure. African musical tradition tends to count towards the accented beat so that an African may count 2 on the same beat a European would count 1 . It is typical of West African music to have rhythms of different lengths overlapping each other, creating shifting accents, sort of like a mix.Which is to say hat by the late sasss African-American Jazz music had developed a tradition where musicians put a strong rhythmic accent on 2 and 4 and melodic accents anywhere BUT on 1 . The first popular musical trend in the United States produced by this African-European combination was Ragtime, which first achieved popularity in the late 19th century. Ragtime musicians often used what are called ragged rhythms. Ragged rhythms were African-influenced rhythms, shortened so that the accent was off the beat, Instead of In rhythm with the beat.Ragtime musicians also occasionally used what were called blue harmonies and notes. Blue harmonies and notes used notes that didnt fit into the European concept of melody or harmony. Some of the notes dont even exist in European musical scales, so they were not recognized easily. The New Orleans bands of the late 19th century from which Big Bands evolved were varied. Some were social bands that played popular songs and music for dancing, some played marches and rags for weekend picnics and parties. Others specialized in their own variations on work and blues songs.Big Band Jazz ad its start in New Orleans in 1898 at the end of the Spanish-American war. Military bands returned to the port to flood the city with used band instruments. And African- Americans Interested In music quickly bought up hundreds of these instruments and began to form bands. Starting from square one, enthusiastic African American musicians taught themselves to play. This had two results: unconventional playing techniques and unconventional rendering of popular musical tunes. The playing techniques led to new and interesting sounds entering musicians vocabulary: objects as mutes, and others.The unconventional rendering of popular musical tunes led to Jazz. An African-American playing a popular tune would play it adding some African musical traditions, different musical scales and different and complex rhythms. These early Jazz bands played music that was, to put it mildly, loosely structured. A soloist or an instrumental section of the band played the melody and the remaining musicians improvised the harmony and rhythmic embellishments. Many Jazz bands arranged their music by rehearsing it by ear many times until all the musicians were in agreement about what went where, when.These Jazz bands often changed personnel, sometimes on a weekly basis. This frequent changing also helped the evolution of Jazz, preventing bands from becoming hidebound and determined to have a particular style or sound. On into the sasss change was the watchword of Jazz. The first Jazz record Livery Stable Blues, coupled with Dixie Sass Band One Step was made in 1917 by a White band from New Orleans called The Original Dixieland Jazz Band. The band was one of the first to bring the New Orleans style of Jazz to New York. After a music agent heard them in Chicago and brought hem to New York, where, within weeks, they were a sensation. Soon after their first record Victor records signed them for several more. The music recorded by the band was nearly conventional with no blue notes and only a smattering of ragged rhythms. Even so, the record sold over one million copies and had a profound effect on musicians and the public all over the U. S. As Jazz got popular, many New Orleans- based bands began spreading out across the country, playing in Chicago, New York City, Los Angels, San Francisco, or hitting the smaller towns.The first Jazz record by n African Americans, was by Kid Orgys band recording under the name of Spikes Seven Pods of Pepper Orchestra. The songs Orgys Creole Trombone and Society Blues where recorded in Los Angels in 1922. After 1923 the flood gates were open and African American Jazz became widely recorded. Early stars included other New Orleans musicians like King Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton, a Creole musician who, in the early sasss, recorded over a hundred of his own and others Jazz tunes. Some of the records are solo piano, but many are of Jelly Roll with his band the Red Hot Peppers.These early releases were great hits and record companies began recording nearly anyone who even claimed to be a Jazz musician. With records coming out by the hundreds, thousands of young people across the U. S. Decided they wanted to be Jazz musicians. The Jazz music boom had begun. But the enthusiasm for Jazz was not shared by everyone. Many in White middle America were concerned, and magazine and newspaper articles decrying the influence of African American music on society and the scandalous behavior, including dancing, it supposedly led to were not uncommon.Jazz had arrived and it had made an introduction. As a aced of rebellion, the Roaring asss was made for Jazz. The young and the hip delighted in anything that was new and exciting. The more staid and uptight members of society thought Jazz decadent and a moral which gave Jazz, for some, extra appeal. But the exciting new rhythms and harmonies was the huge force behind societys acceptance of Jazz. The first bandleader to achieve national recognition was Fletcher Henderson who formed a band in the early sasss. Originally his band was a dance band, playing waltzes and foxtrots. Over the course music.By the time the band took over at Roseland Ballroom and featured Louis Armstrong on trumpet, the band had become a Jazz band. Duke Elongating, a formally trained musician, also formed his band in the sasss, again as a dance band. The arrival of an innovative trumpeter named Bibber Mille and a talented saxophonist named Sidney Becket exerted a profound influence on the Elongations work, gradually helping to change the band into a remarkably creative Jazz big band. In 1935 that Jazz with a Swing beat achieved national attention and then in large part to Benny Goodman. As a youth Goodman was an extremely talented clarinetist.He studied tit a respected Jazz clarinetist in Chicago, leaving Chicago in 1928 for NYC where he was successful as a sideman. However, he didnt form his own band until a few years later when he got a recording contract thanks to the great Jazz impresario John Hammond. Soon after that he bought some scores from Fletcher Henderson, some of them arranged by Henderson himself. Despite Henderson fine arrangements, his band hadnt been doing well. Goodman, at the urging of John Hammond, hired Fletcher. The same arrangements which brought Henderson band lukewarm interest proved to be dynamite for the Goodman band.For the next several years Henderson arranged tunes for Goodman band in a Jazz/Swing style. Henderson arrangements are credited with helping sweep the Goodman band to national popularity the following year at the finish of an apparently unsuccessful cross- country tour in California. As it turned out, the radio broadcasts of the tour were scheduled too late for people in the east and Midwest. On the west coast, however, the broadcasts gained a devoted audience who, surprising the band, swarmed its final concerts. And it was with Benny Goodman that the Swing big band boom began, ND our narrative on Jazz draws to a close. After Goodman dramatic success ignited the Big Band craze, excellent musicians who had been working as sidemen for other bands found encouragement to start their own bands. Bands led by the Dodders, Glenn Miller, Bunny Bearing, Lionel Hampton, Harry James, and Gene Koura sprang into being. With big band Swing music in full bloom, it was only logical that Jitterbug dancing should also rocket to national popularity, which it did. Jazz music had an amazing affect on the Roaring Twenties. It tells many stories of sadness, experience and most of all, life.

Value and Valor

Value and Valor Value and Valor Value and Valor By Mark Nichol Words pertaining to worth and worthiness that are based on the syllable val or a similar letter combination are related. This post lists and defines the words in this group. The Latin verb valere, meaning â€Å"be strong† or â€Å"be well,† was extended in meaning to refer to worth, in both practical and aesthetic terms. Valor, which originally meant â€Å"courage,† â€Å"merit,† or â€Å"virtue† but now generally retains only the first sense, is derived from the Latin word. Valiance, a synonym for valor, is rare, but the adjectival form, valiant, meaning â€Å"brave,† is more common. Valid, meanwhile, originated in legal contexts to refer to what is legally binding, but by extension, it came to mean â€Å"supported by authority or facts.† (The noun form is validity.) Value, meaning â€Å"price† or â€Å"degree of esteem or usefulness,† is also a verb, and another noun form, valuation, pertains to the act or process of appraising financial worth, as well as judgment of character or worth or measure of market value. Evaluation, however, refers more broadly to measure of something’s financial value or of condition or significance; more recently, it has also come to pertain to a review of job performance. Less obviously related words include the verb avail, meaning â€Å"benefit† or â€Å"help,† or â€Å"gain† or â€Å"serve.† It also functions as a noun in such expressions as â€Å"to little avail† or â€Å"to no avail,† meaning â€Å"help† or use†; the adjectival form, available, means â€Å"accessible,† â€Å"present,† or â€Å"ready,† or â€Å"qualified† or â€Å"willing.† (The noun form is availability.) Others include prevail, meaning â€Å"be successful,† and its adjectival form, prevalent, which means â€Å"common† or â€Å"dominant.† Countervail, meanwhile, means â€Å"compensate† or â€Å"counteract.† Valence, a term for the amount of power of an atom or a unit of such strength, or for capacity to perform or degree of attractiveness, is generally confined to medical and scientific contexts, but it is the basis of ambivalence and equivalence, both of which have adjectival forms in which a t replaces the last two letters. The former word was coined by a psychologist on the model of the latter term to refer to conflicted feelings but soon took on a broader meaning; equivalence itself means â€Å"correspondence of characteristics.† Valedictorian and valetudinarian, though both derived from valere, are not to be confused. The former word describes the person who provides the valediction, a farewell speech at an event such as a graduation ceremony. (The first element stems from the Latin word for â€Å"farewell,† which literally means â€Å"be well† or â€Å"be strong.†) Valetudinarian, meanwhile, describes a hypochondriac or a sickly or weak person; the word also functions as an adjective, though valetudinary is also used. Meanwhile, the verb convalesce (the adjectival and noun forms are convalescent and convalescence) is antithetical to both senses of valetudinarian; it means â€Å"become healthier or stronger.† The feminine French name Valerie, and its variously spelled masculine Slavic equivalents, are cognate with valere. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business Letter50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert

Berthe Morisot Bio - French Impressionist Painter

Berthe Morisot Bio - French Impressionist Painter Movement, Style, Type or School of Art: Impressionism Date and Place of Birth: January 14, 1841, Bourges, Cher, France Life: Berthe Morisot led a double life. As the daughter of Edme Tiburce Morisot, a high-level government official, and Marie Cornà ©lie Mayniel, also the daughter of a high-level government official, Berthe was expected to entertain and cultivate the right â€Å"social connections.† Married at the advanced age of 33 to Eugà ¨ne Manet (1835-1892) on December 22, 1874, she entered into a suitable alliance with the Manet family, also members of the haute bourgeois (upper middle class), and she became Édouard Manets sister-in-law. Édouard Manet (1832-1883) had already introduced Berthe to Degas, Monet, Renoir, and Pissarro - the Impressionists. Before becoming Madame Eugà ¨ne Manet, Berthe Morisot established herself as a professional artist. Whenever she had time, she painted in her very comfortable residence in Passy, a fashionable suburb just outside of Paris (now part of the wealthy 16th arrondissement). However, when visitors came to call, Berthe Morisot hid her paintings and presented herself once again as a conventional society hostess in the sheltered world outside the city. Morisot may have come from an august artistic lineage. Some biographers claim that her grandfather or granduncle was the Rococo artist Jean-Honorà © Fragonard (1731-1806). Art historian Anne Higonnet claims that Fragonard may have been an indirect relative. Tiburce Morisot came from a skilled artisanal background. During the nineteenth century, haute bourgeois women did not work, did not aspire to achieve recognition outside the home and did not sell their modest artistic accomplishments. These young ladies might have received a few art lessons to cultivate their natural talents, as demonstrated in the exhibition Playing with Pictures, but their parents did not encourage pursuing a professional career. Madame Marie Cornà ©lie Morisot raised her lovely daughters with the same attitude. Intent on developing a basic appreciation for art, she arranged for Berthe and her two sisters Marie-Elizabeth Yves (known as Yves, born in 1835) and Marie Edma Caroline (known as Edma, born in 1839) to study drawing with the minor artist Geoffrey-Alphonse-Chocarne. The lessons did not last long. Bored with Chocarne, Edma and Berthe moved on to Joseph Guichard, another minor artist, who opened their eyes to the greatest classroom of all: the Louvre. Then Berthe began to challenge Guichard and the Morisot ladies were passed on to Guichards friend Camille Corot (1796-1875). Corot wrote to Madame Morisot: With characters like your daughters, my teaching will make them painters, not minor amateur talents. Do you really understand what that means? In the world of the grande bourgeoisie in which you move, it would be a revolution. I would even say a catastrophe. Corot was a not a clairvoyant; he was a seer. Berthe Morisots dedication to her art brought on terrible periods of depression as well as extreme exultation. To be accepted into the Salon, complemented by Manet or invited to exhibit with the emerging Impressionists gave her tremendous satisfaction. But she always suffered from insecurity and self-doubt, typical of a woman competing in a mans world. Berthe and Edma submitted their work to the Salon for the first time in 1864. All four works were accepted. Berthe continued to submit their work and exhibited in the Salon of 1865, 1866, 1868, 1872, and 1873. In March 1870, as Berthe prepared to send off her painting Portrait of the Artists Mother and Sister to the Salon, Édouard Manet dropped by, proclaimed his approval and then proceeded to add a few accents from top to bottom. My only hope is to be rejected, Berthe wrote to Edma. I think its miserable. The painting was accepted. Morisot met Édouard Manet through their mutual friend Henri Fantan-Latour in 1868. Over the next few years, Manet painted Berthe at least 11 times, among them: The Balcony, 1868-69 Repose: Portrait of Berthe Morisot, 1870 Berthe Morisot with a Bouquet of Violets, 1872 Berthe Morisot in a Mourning Hat, 1874 On January 24, 1874, Tiburce Morisot died. In the same month, the Socià ©tà © Anonyme Coopà ©rative started to make plans for an exhibition that would be independent of the governments official exhibition the Salon. Membership required 60 francs for dues and guaranteed a place in their exhibition plus a share of the profits from the sale of the artworks. Perhaps losing her father gave Morisot the courage to become involved with this renegade group. They opened their experimental show on April 15, 1874, which became known as the First Impressionist Exhibition. Morisot participated in all but one of the eight Impressionist exhibitions. She missed the fourth exhibition in 1879 due to the birth of her daughter Julie Manet (1878-1966) that previous November. Julie became an artist too. After the eighth Impressionist exhibition in 1886, Morisot concentrated on selling through Durand-Ruel Gallery and in May 1892 she mounted her first and only one-woman show there. However, just a few months before the show, Eugà ¨ne Manet passed away. His loss devastated Morisot. I dont want to live anymore, she wrote in a notebook. The preparations gave her a purpose to go on and eased her through this painful sorrow. Over the next few years, Berthe and Julie became inseparable. And then Morisots health failed during a bout of pneumonia. She died on March 2, 1895. The poet Stà ©phane Mallarmà © wrote in his telegrams: I am the bearer of terrible news: our poor friend Mme. Eugà ¨ne Manet, Berthe Morisot, is dead. These two names in one announcement call attention to the dual nature of her life and two identities which shaped her exceptional art. Important Works: Portrait of the Artists Mother and Sister, 1870. The Cradle, 1872. Eugà ¨ne Manet and his Daughter [Julie] in the Garden at Bougival, 1881. At the Ball, 1875. Reading, 1888. The Wet-Nurse, 1879. Self-Portrait, ca. 1885. Date and Place of Death: March 2, 1895, Paris Sources: Higonnet, Anne. Berthe Morisot.New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Adler, Kathleen. The Suburban, the Modern and Une dame de Passy Oxford Art Journal, vol. 12, no. 1 (1989): 3 - 13

Ethical Issues of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Issues of Abortion - Essay Example In Junes case, it is warranted to argue that she is selfish and minds herself than her baby. She does not consider the fact that the baby boy may be an exceptional case, and not succumb to the disease. Her egoist behaviors take the better part of her choices to abort the fetus and not letting nature take its course. Ann’s case is simply wrong, since all babies are equal despite the gender. In each case, the consequences of the abortion determine the fate of the women (Mackinnon, 2011). In both cases, the baby may be hurt or the mother may die. However, in the case June, she may end up bringing a child in very tough conditions of sickness, whilst Ann may bring up the child failure to abortion. This is a negative impact on the mother. Despite the conflict in opinions, the act is simply wrong according to utilitarianism (Mackinnon, 2011). The Kantian reasoning might differ in evaluating each woman’s decision since the fetus is considered one with the inability to make decisions. In this case, June’s baby may be at risk; thus, abortion may be justified on the health of the baby, whilst in Ann’s case, abortion may be justified on the grounds of the mother’s security and ability to bring up the child single

Communication and Conflict Chapter 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication and Conflict Chapter 7 - Essay Example (The case mentioned Enrique believing that â€Å"he and Monica had a clear[er] picture of one another.†) These are the perceived incompatible goals. It is natural that in courtships, couples tend to put their best foot forward, to make the other feel special, and to show the other that his or her desires are paramount to her or him, which however is abandoned when one enters into marriage because pretensions are shed (Ziglar, 2004). The conflict appears to have reached a productive phase when Monica offered her explanation that what she meant about â€Å"forget about the job† was only for a short enough time to enjoy a night out, not to forget about it entirely; however, it re-entered a destructive phase when she appeared to accuse Enrique of not listening to her. On the other hand, Enrique tried to enter the constructive phase when he began to apologize to Monica, but vacillated towards the destructive phase again when he took issue with her comment to listen to her as an accusation, and stormed out to a friend’s house. IV Power Power is not openly discussed, but it is an issue apparently from Enrique’s side. ... The power currency Monica makes use of appears to be her feigned interest in Enrique’s job, and Enrique’s power currency is his attempt at apology and the physical contact he initiated, possibly conveying his use of affection as bargaining chip. Both Monica and Enrique felt that their spouse was trying to exert his /her power over her/him. Actually, it was more likely that they felt threatened when no threat was actually meant. Enrique felt he should exert his power as the breadwinner, and Monica felt she might exert her influence over him by cajoling and acting sweet. She over-interprets his actions as being akin to her parents’ actions; he over-interprets her words (â€Å"forget the job† and â€Å"why don’t you listen to me?†) as a challenge to his power and an accusation that he is inadequate (â€Å"I wish I had some pull†; â€Å"Doesn’t she see how much I’m trying, how hard I’m working?†). Both parties p erceived each other’s style as manipulative (Enrique of Monica) and unsympathetic (Monica of Enrique). V. Style While individuals use their own distinctive styles in a conflict, the conflict also takes on a style of its own (Chapter 7:223). At first, Monica was sweet and playful showing support and encouragement (â€Å"you’re up for a promotion, right?† while Enrique showed nonchalance and seriousness. After the conflict began, Monica protested innocence (â€Å"I didn’t say you should forget it, Enrique. I said let’s do something else for awhile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) and then hurt (getting up to silently do the dishes, or saying â€Å"I wish you would listen to what I’m saying.†), while Jack shows anger (â€Å"Forget about the job! How am I supposed to do that?†) and then conciliation (â€Å"I’ll come back later to pick you up for pizza). Later both revert to

Persuasive Paper Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Paper Essay Toilet paper is a material item that most people use. This paper has a big impact on our society. Not many people pay attention to how they put their paper on they just sort of throw it all together in a matter of seconds. One day I noticed that my paper was harder to get than normal, then I noticed that the beginning of the paper was hanging from the back of the roll instead of laying on it or hanging over the front. This startled me, I did not realize until then that you can put your toilet paper either the front or the back. I said to myself This can not be, my paper is all wrong it should not be this way! (I made gestures). So I have come to decide that having your toilet paper is better in the front of the roll compared to the back. When most people go to sit down on their toilet they expect their paper to be there. Well what if your paper was there and a good full amount was present but when you go to reach for it, it seems a little bit farther away, well this is because your paper may have been placed wrong. Lets think about this in a conservative way. If you have a small child then you will know what I mean, Little kids like to play with toilet paper, some even like to eat it! Well if you have your paper in the front it will make it harder for the child to pull more of the roll from its original state, as opposed to if you had your paper in the back, the kid could pull it so hard, tons of it will roll because of the downward motion, and this may cause the tug to be to powerful and may rip the toilet paper, Then you would not be able to roll the paper back to its original rolling position. Having the paper in the front is also very convenient for easier toilet paper rolling. If the paper was in the back, you have to reach under or around the roll to get your paper, and then pull it in a downward motion, If you pull it straight towards you, it is liable to break! I have asked around to find if anyone likes there paper in the back position, I found out some people do! I asked those people why on earth they could like the paper in the back. They said: Because if you pull it from the back, you can have a faster speed of rolling paper I replied, But a lot of  the time the paper breaks and then you have bits and pieces he said, Bits and pieces are not always bad. You can just add them to your handful of toilet paper that youre going to use. I just shook my head nicely and thought to myself of an old saying an old man said to me once: Its quality not quantity. In conclusion, I have decided after hearing both sides that having you paper in front is indeed better than in the back. So the next time you are putting your roll of toilet paper on, you just remember that if you have a kid, think about your toilet paper placement. Think about your arm and hand energy when you go to grab a few sheets. Think about the quality of your handful and not the quantity!

The Black Death Essay -- essays research papers

A plague is a bacterial infection that can take on more than one form. One of the greatest plagues that have stricken mankind throughout history was the Black Death. The Black Death was the outbreak of the bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1347 and 1351. This plague was the most severe plague that hit the earth because of its origin (the spread), the symptoms, and the effects of the plague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists and historians are still unsure about the origins of the bubonic plague. Medieval European writers believed that it began in China, which they considered to be a land of almost magical happenings. Chroniclers wrote that it began with earthquakes, fire falling from the sky, and plagues of vermin. Like medieval travel literature, these accounts are based on a number of myths about life in areas outside of Europe. It now seems most probable that infected rodents migrated from the Middle East into southern Russia, the region between the Black and Caspian seas. The plague was then spread west along trade routes. Plague moved quickly along the major trade routes. From Pisa, where it had arrived early in 1348, it traveled to Florence and then on to Rome and Bologna; from Venice it moved into southern Germany and Austria; and from Genoa it crossed the Tyrrhenian Sea to Barcelona in Spain and Marseilles in France. It continued through the towns of southern Franc e, reaching Paris. From there the contagion spread to England and the Low Countries. Parts of Europe were initially spared the epidemic. Milan was almost unique among the major Italian towns. The lord of the city closed the gates to travelers coming from plague areas, and few people died. Many parts of Germany and Eastern Europe also escaped the epidemic in 1348 through 1351. Probably because of their relative isolation, Bohemia, Poland, and central Germany experienced no plague before the 1360s and 1370s. The people from these vast countries did not know this was carried by vermin, so they were scared of what they could do and could not have done to acquire the plague. This made the disease spread easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In bubonic plague, the first symptoms are headache, nausea, vomiting, aching joints, and a general feeling of ill health. The lymph nodes of the groin or, less commonly, of the armpit or neck, suddenly become painf... ... destroyed people and not possessions, the drop in population was accompanied by a corresponding rise in per capita wealth. Large increases in spending in the towns at this time are well documented. Profits, however, for landlords and merchants declined as they found themselves having to pay higher wages and getting less when they sold their products. Governments were forced to adjust to the social disruption caused by plague. First local governments, and then in the case of England, the monarchy, attempted to regulate the movement and price of foodstuffs as well as wages paid to laborers. The English Statute of Laborers of 1351 tried to hold wages at preplague levels. Similar statutes were passed in various parts of France, Germany, and Italy. Landlords tried to collect higher fees from tenant farmers as a way to increase declining incomes. Unrest among the peasants was one of the major causes of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381. The English rebels objected to high payments to landowners and legal limitations on the rights of some peasants. Economic and political unrest occurred in most parts of Europe during the second half of the 14th century.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

History of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit Essay

The occurrence of doctrinal formulation of the Christian faith did not happen all at once. In one point or another, one doctrine will be the focuse while sometimes, another one will be spotted which means that all doctrines have the same or equal attention given by the chirstian. In this case, it is understood that the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit like other doctrines have no special attentions but also took chance in being noticed. During the early years of the century, this doctrine failed to attract attention specially the formal definition of the dogma. There are proofs that it has given importance, however, these importance are not the same as that of the formal teachings. During the early existence of churches, the Holy Spirit was acknowledge and witnessed through baptismal formula and in the Apostles’ Creed. Also, when we use the threefold name, the father, the son and the Holy Spirit, we show that there is a practice and that the presence of the Holy Spirit is indeed acknowledged. But then, when it comes to literature, the Holy Spirit is not prominent enough and given little importance. Montanism brought the subject into life and gave prominence to the Holy Spirit. This movement appeared in Phrygia by Priscilla and Maximilla. They announced the coming of anew period wherein there will be new revelations from God and called the whole period Paraclete and themselves as the prophers. The high morality being emphasized in this movement attracted others to join hence, the two preached about the nearness of death and the end of the world. This movement is more of an orthodox one and in contrast of Gnosticism. However, because of several issues, the movement was rejected and the doctrine of the Holy Spirit remained undeveloped and with no formulation. It was Monarchianism which taught more about the fact that the Son was the expression of the father. Because of this, the Church was forced to know the relationship between the Spirit and the Son, as well as to the father. There it was revealed that God reveals himself in different forms which are three roles that he plays as God. It was Sabellanism which made a major error in interpreting the trinity and the Holy Spirit. Aside from this error is the Arian controversy which is an anti-Trinitarian and does not agree with the Trinitarian views. The controversy in Nicea had to be brought into the Council of Constantinople. However, in this place another controversy came out which even made a great misunderstanding of the Doctrine. The people who were already confused started to disbelief the Doctrine and the Holy Spirit and one Bishop from Constantinople claimed that the Spirit is indeed a creature made subordinate to the Son. The orthodox on this movement preaches that the Holy Spirit is Divine and then the Son is not Divine of Vice Versa. The creed was studied by the Council and pointed out that the creed made use of a term that will avoid another term â€Å"of the substance†. Hence this discovery did counter what the above movement had mentioned about the divinity of the Trinity. However, despite of the fact that the questions regarding the Deity were all cleared and understood by many, there are still questions about the importance and the mystery of the Spirit and its relation to the Son and the Father. In the west part, this one was the question raised by the people and two terms were used to describe the relationship between the Son to the Father and the Spirit. Generation was used to describe the relation between the father and the son while Procession was used between the Son and the Father. In this period, three things were settled concerning the Holy Spirit and the Doctrine. Before Reformation, the attention of the church was focused into the Spirit alone but during the Reformation, the attention of the people and the church was focused on the works of the Holy Spirit. It was emphasized the Holy Spirit’s work has something to do with regenerating man. Several creeds and documents which grew out through reformation just like other periods, there are oppositions and exceptions. The church history saw the formulation of the orthodox doctrine of the Holy Spirit first followed by the definition of the Holy Spirit and its relations to the father and the son through the councils and it was developed during Reformation. It was not an easy way because in ever discovery comes another opposition but in the end, the mystery of the Holy Spirit became known to the people. However, in this life, maybe it is how one sees the power of the Holy Spirit that makes its application and understanding worthwhile. References Ryrie, Charles C. â€Å"The Holy Spirit†

Appropriate Use of Transparency Essay

Transparency in management circles is considered a competitive advantage. It involves sharing all information that one is ready to share including uncomfortable one. Transparency implies communication, openness and accountability. Last year I worked in a Non Governmental organization where I found out that they were require being transparent by donors and other stakeholders for them to continue receiving funds and support. That time the organization was experiencing a high labor turnover because management felt that they knew what subordinate staff wanted. They thought they needed a salary increase while in real sense they needed better working conditions (Stever, 2012). When they start involving in decision making and transparency, trust and loyalty increased. Opponents of transparency argue that it is a bad idea to use transparency strategy where information may be misrepresented, distorted or misunderstood. Being transparent may take a lot of resources and more time hence slowing the organization process. It is argued that organizations that practice full transparency are easy target of attacks and are vulnerable to groups that feel alienated or underrepresented (Stever, 2012). It also a bad strategy where the company wants to keep trade secrets and other information that is unique. Another example is in management of international negotiation and agreements. Diplomats believe that a certain degree of ambiguity is necessary in successful negotiations. It is also a bad strategy to use in international politics and economic stability (Stever, 2012). It is believed that collapse of Briton wood exchange rate regime was to a large extent caused by inability to accommodate ambiguity. For leader to exert influence they must be transparent in order to make authoritative decisions, creating means of putting them into actions and creating support or them. Leaders who are transparent are trusted by their follower and build loyalty. This gives them a lot of influence. Reference Stever, E. W. (2012). Transparency. Rocky Point, N.Y.: Writers Ink Press. Source document

Microeconomics Research Paper Example

Microeconomics Research Paper Example Microeconomics Paper Microeconomics Paper Looks at how individual economic agents (I. E. Consumers/ households and producers/firms) make their day-to-day decisions. Macroeconomics: Looks at the overall behavior of the entire economy of a country. So in addition to households and firms, it also looks at the government and frequently at the rest of the world. The four target variables that all macroeconomicss are concerned about are: (1) Gross Domestic Product (GAP): This looks at how much goods and services are being produced in the country (or how much is everyones income taken together). They try o maximize this. (2) Unemployment: This has to do with how many people have Jobs and how many dont. They try to minimize this. (3) Inflation: This looks at how the prices of goods and services are changing. They try to Meltzer this. (4) Economic Growth: This looks at the rate at which GAP Is going up or down. They try to maximize this. Gross Domestic Product (GAP) Goods: Tangible things firms produce and consumers buy. An example is a Philly cheese steak. Services: Intangible castles firms provide and consumers buy. An example Is a haircut. Definition of GAP: It is the value of new final goods and services intended for the racetrack produced within a country in a given period of time. (Note: We will concentrate only on gross domestic product in this class. The book also talks about the related concepts of gross national product, net national product, national income, personal Income, etc. You do not need to study them. ) Keynoters in the definition: Value: This refers to the market price. New: Only newly produced goods and services are counted as part of the GAP. So if you buy a second hand 2010 Toyota Campy, then that will not be counted as a part of the GAP for the year 2014. The reason is that this car had already been counted once n the GAP for the year 2010 and to count your purchase again would be counting It twice. In other words, the good Is being sold twice, but It was produced only once. Final: A final good is intended for consumption in the form it is in, whereas an intermediate good is a good that is often used to make other goods. Intermediate goods should not be confused with capital, which is a good that is manufactured for the sole purpose of making other goods. For example, If you buy an ice cream shake, then the Ice cream Is an intermediate $2, the milk and the chocolate sauce is worth $1, the labor is worth $0. 0 and the shop wants to keep a profit margin of $0. 50, then the price of the milkshake to the consumer is $4. So when you buy the milkshake, which is a final good as it is consumed in that form, the GAP goes up by $4. But if we had also counted intermediate goods, then we would also have counted the $2 worth of ice cream and the GAP would have gone up by $6, which would again have lead to double counting. What if you dont purchase an ice cream shake but purchase two scoops of ice cream instead? Then ice cream would be a final good as you are consuming it in that form. Intended for the Marketplace: We only count as part of the GAP goods and services that are produced for the market. So we will not count home production, because when you prepare dinner for yourself in the kitchen then you dont go to the market to sell it. But if you are a gourmet cook and start a take-out business from your home, then your cooking will be counted as a service in the GAP as you are selling your culinary skills to others. We will also not count illegal transactions as part of the GAP as when we talk about markets we dont mean black markets. So money spent on buying pot in Old Town East in Columbus ill not be a part of the U. S. GAP. Even if someone buys recreational marijuana in Colorado or medical marijuana in California (both of which are legal at the state level), the transactions will not be a part of the U. S. GAP as they are not legal at the federal level. Within a Country: The good or service has to be produced within the geographical boundaries of the country. Hence exports will be a part of your countrys GAP whereas imports will be a part of the other countrys GAP. In a Given Period of Time: This is usually a quarter or a year. We only count the good ND services that were produced in that quarter or year, as those produced in other periods will be counted as part of the production in those respective periods. Stock: A stock is a variable whose quantity is measured at a particular point in time. For example, capital is a stock, and so is wealth. Flow: A flow is a variable whose quantity is measured per unit of time. For example, investment is a flow, and so is GAP. A few other flow variables are consumption, government purchases and net exports. Measuring National Income / GAP There are three ways of measuring the GAP of a country. All three methods give us the same final result. (1) Expenditure Approach: GAP is the sum of the total amount spent on new goods and services in an economy over a period of time. GAP = Consumption + Investment + Government Purchases + Net Exports Therefore GAP consists of four components. Net Exports: Net Exports = Exports Imports. So if Chevrolet sells an Impala worth $25,000 to a Mexican living in Cacao, then the transaction is going to raise U. S. Net exports by $25,000 and reduce Mexican net exports by $25,000. (2) Income Approach: GAP is the sum of the total income paid to economic agents in GAP = compensation of employees (wages, salaries, perks) + rent + interest + profit + indirect taxes (why not direct taxes too? ) + depreciation (3) Value-added Approach: Well look at this with the help of an example. (a) Suppose cotton is harvested in Alabama. The bale of cotton is priced at $2. This means that there has been a value added of $2 into the cotton by the seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, (b) A factory in Los Angles purchases that bale of cotton and manufactures cloth with it. The cloth is priced at $6. This means that there has been a value added of $4 n this round by the machinery used, the electricity consumed, the labor used and the profit margin retained by the factory owner from the sale of the cloth. (c) An American Apparel plant in Los Angles then purchases that cloth and manufactures a shirt with it. The shirt is priced at $24. This means that there has been a value added of $18 in this round, once again by the machinery, buttons and threads, labor, profit margin, etc. So the total value-added in the three rounds put together is $(2 + 4 + 18) = $24. So the value-added in the production of one American Apparel shirt is $24. Multiplying this y the total number of American Apparel shirts produced in the U. S. And repeating this exercise for every other good and service produced, the total number that we get the GAP. In the absence of statistical errors, the three methods should give us the same answer. In reality, no country uses the value added method as it is extremely cumbersome. Unemployment Determining a persons status in the labor market: Working Age Population In the Labor Force Employed Not in the Labor Force Unemployed Working Age Population: The number of people 16 and over who are not in Jail, hospital, or some other form of institutional care. Labor Force: Labor force is composed of people who are employed and people who are unemployed. Employed: These are the people who have either a full-time Job or a part-time Job. Unemployed: These are the people who are: and one of the following: (IA) are without work but have made specific efforts to find a Job within the previous four weeks (bib) are waiting to be called back to a Job from which he or she has been laid off. (ICC) are waiting to start a new Job within the next 30 days. Not in the Labor Force: These are the people who dont satisfy the criteria for either employed or unemployed. Examples are stay-at-home parents, retired people, college students and discouraged workers (I. E. Unemployed people who gave up looking for a new Job at least four weeks ago). Labor Market Indicators: We use three main indicators to measure the health of the labor market: (1) Unemployment Rate: Percentage of people who are in the labor force who are unemployed. This tells us how many people want Jobs but cant find one. OUR = (No. Of Unemployed / Labor Force)*100 (2) Labor Force Participation Rate: Percentage of working age population who are members of the labor force. This tells us how many people of working age are willing to take a Job. LEAF = (Labor Force / Working Age Population)*100 (3) Employment-to-population Ratio: Percentage of working age people who have Jobs. This tells us about the availability of Jobs and how well Jobs are matching the peoples skill sets. DEPT = (No. Of Employed / Working Age Population)*100 For the U. S. , according to the 2011 census, the civilian non-institutional population 16 and older was 239,618,000, the labor force was 1 and the number of employed was 139,869,000. Hence the number of unemployed was 13,747,000 and he population that was not in the labor force was 86,001 ,OHO. The unemployment rate would then be 8. 95%, the labor force participation rate 64. 11% and the employment-to-population ratio 58. 7%. Inflation Price level is the average price for all goods and services in the economy. Inflation is an increase in the price level. What if we dont have inflation? We can then have two other possible situations: (1) Deflation: This is the case when prices are falling. (2) Disinflation: This is the case where there is no movement in the price level. Measuring the price level and the inflation rate: Inflation is measured by calculating the percentage change in the price level. Hence, in order to measure inflation, we need to be able to measure the price level. The three most common ways of measuring the price level are: (1) Consumer price index (ICP) or Cost of living index: This measures the change in prices of goods used by consumers. In order to construct the ICP, the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics monitors the spending habits of consumers over a certain time period (which is currently 1993-1995) and prepares a basket of the goods consumers commonly buy. It chooses basket in that period. It then adds up the individual prices of all these goods to get the total price of the basket in the base period. Let us suppose that the base period price of the basket comes out to be $210. Next they find the prices of all goods contained in the basket in the current period (say January 2014). Adding up, suppose the current period price of the basket comes out to be $250. Price of the basket in the current period occupancy 2014 the base period 250 = _ * 100 210 = 119. * 100 Price of the basket in How do we calculate the inflation rate from this? The inflation rate is simply the argental change in the price level. occupancy 2014= 119 suppose ICP January 2013 = 109. occupancy 2014 occupancy 2013 Inflation rate = 119-109 * 100 109 * 100 ICP January 2013 ICP for the base period is equal to 100 by definition. Recently the government has switched from using the ICP-W (ICP for urban wage earners and clerical workers) to the C-ICP-U (chained ICP for all urban consumers). The C-ICP-U takes substitution effects into account (for example, if the price of pork goes up then pork is now more expensive but consumers might switch to less pork and more beef to keep their expenditure on meat at around the same level); ICP-W does not. As a result, C-ICP-U increases more slowly than ICP-W (0. 3% less per year according to the COB). This saves the government money as it slows cost of living adjustments given to social security payments. 2) Producer price index (PIP): This measures the change in the prices of goods used by producers. The PIP leads the ICP. The PIP measure price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (ICP), that measure price change from the purchasers perspective. Sellers and purchasers prices may differ due to gover nment subsidies, sales and excise taxes, and distribution costs. Pips measure average changes in prices received by domestic producers of commodities in all stages of processing (I. E. For both intermediate and final goods). Because producer price indexes are designed to measure only the change in prices received for the output of domestic industries, imports are not included. The U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys and releases approximately 10,000 Pips for individual products and groups of products each month. Pips are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and manufacturing products of industries in the transportation, utilities, trade, finance, and services sectors of the economy. The PIP and the inflation rate based on it are calculated in exactly the same way as with the ICP. 3) GAP deflator: This is the third way of measuring the price level. Distinction between nominal and real variables: Nominal means that the variable has not been adjusted for inflation. Real means that the variable has been adjusted for inflation. Whenever we need to meaningfully compare between two time periods, we need to invert the variables into real terms. Otherwise we will end up with erroneous results. To see why, consider the following example. Let us consider an economy that only produces books. In 2012 it produced 10 books, while in 2013 it produced 12 books. Hence book production grew by: 12 10 10 Now lets bring prices into the picture. Suppose the price of a book in 2012 was $5 and it increased to $7 in 2013. Hence the nominal GAP in 2012 was = $50 and the nominal GAP in 2013 was = $84. Hence the growth rate of nominal GAP was: 84 50 50 Obviously this number is wrong. The reason because of which this number is so high s that we did not adjust it for the increase in price. The right way to compare the situations in 2012 and 2013 is to use the same price level to calculate the value of the GAP for the two different years. For example, if we use the base period (I. E. 2012) price, then the real GAP in 2012 would be = $50 and the real GAP in 2013 would be $(5*12) = $60. If we now compute the growth rate, then it comes out to be the correct number: 60 50 Nominal GAP GAP Deflator = Real GAP ___*OHIO Unlike a price index, the GAP deflator is not based on a fixed basket of goods and services. The basket is allowed to change with peoples consumption and investment patterns. Therefore, new expenditure patterns are allowed to show up in the deflator as people respond to changing prices. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that the GAP deflator measures changes in both prices and the composition of the basket, and so should not be used as a measure of pure price changes in the economy. In practice, the difference between the deflator and a price index on the same set of goods and services is relatively small. The GAP and GAP deflator are both calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (SEA). Economic Growth short period of time in which producers can only vary the labor they employ, and not the capital stock. Long run: A longer period of time, in which both labor and capital stock employed in a firm can be changed. The long run trend in the GAP represents economic growth. This trend is positive for most countries, but can be negative (as is the case with some sub-Sahara African countries). The short run fluctuations around the trend represent business cycles. There are often business cycle downturns around a positive trend. If the GAP goes up from one ratter to the next, then we say that we are in the expansionary phase of the business cycle. If the GAP goes down from one quarter to the next, then we say that we are experiencing a contraction. If the GAP goes down for at least two successive quarters, then we say that the economy is in a recession.

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet Writers spend years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet, novelist Richard Price once observed. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. Its also a good enough reason to gather a few facts about one of the most significant inventions in human history. The Origin of the Word Alphabet The English word alphabet comes to us, by way of Latin, from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. These Greek words were in turn derived from the original Semitic names for the symbols: Aleph (ox) and beth (house). Where the English Alphabet Came From The original set of 30 signs, known as the Semitic alphabet, was used in ancient Phoenicia beginning around 1600 BCE. Most scholars believe that this alphabet, which consisted of signs for consonants only, is the ultimate ancestor of virtually all later alphabets. (The one significant exception appears to be Koreas han-gul script, created in the 15th century.) Around 1,000 BCE, the Greeks adopted a shorter version of the Semitic alphabet, reassigning certain symbols to represent vowel sounds, and eventually, the Romans developed their own version of the Greek (or Ionic) alphabet. Its generally accepted that the Roman alphabet reached England by way of the Irish sometime during the early period of Old English (5 c.- 12 c.). Over the past millennium, the English alphabet has lost a few special letters and drawn fresh distinctions between others. But otherwise, our modern English alphabet remains quite similar to the version of the Roman alphabet that we inherited from the Irish. The Number of Languages That Use the Roman Alphabet About 100 languages rely on the Roman alphabet. Used by roughly two billion people, its the worlds most popular script. As David Sacks notes in Letter Perfect (2004), There are variations of the Roman alphabet: For example, English employs 26 letters; Finnish, 21; Croatian, 30. But at the core are the 23 letters of ancient Rome. (The Romans lacked J, V, and W.) How Many Sounds There Are in English There are more than 40 distinct sounds (or phonemes) in English. Because we have just 26 letters to represent those sounds, most letters stand for more than one sound. The consonant c, for example, is pronounced differently in the three words cook, city, and (combined with h) chop. What Are​ Majuscules and Minuscules Majuscules (from Latin majusculus, rather large) are capital letters. Minuscules (from Latin minusculus, rather small) are lower-case letters. The combination of majuscules and minuscules in a single system (the so-called dual alphabet) first appeared in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. Pangrams Pangrams are a sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet. The best-known example is The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A more efficient pangram is Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Lipograms Lipograms are text that deliberately excludes a particular letter of the alphabet. The best-known example in English is Ernest Vincent Wrights novel Gadsby: Champion of Youth (1939) - a story of more than 50,000 words in which the letter e never appears. Zee Versus Zed The older pronunciation of zed was inherited from Old French. The American zee, a dialect form heard in England during the 17th century (perhaps by analogy with bee, dee, etc.), was approved by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). The letter z, by the way, has not always been relegated to the end of the alphabet. In the Greek alphabet, it came in at a quite respectable number seven. According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), The Romans adopted Z later than the rest of the alphabet, since /z/ was not a native Latin sound, adding it at the end of their list of letters and using it rarely. The Irish and English simply imitated the Roman convention of placing z last.

Illegal Immigration in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Illegal Immigration in America - Essay Example Therefore, this problem has not started in recent years. It has been there over the centuries. America is referred to as a land of opportunities and because of its generosity to immigrants, more and more immigrants want to live and reap the American dream. However, the issue becomes a problem due to many illegal immigrants into the country who have no documentation on how they entered into the country (Hanson et al.). Illegal immigration to America is a complex issue due to several factors. There have been attempts to control the population of illegal immigrants in the country but still, no answer. The number of aliens residing in the US is not precisely known, hence it has been a problem determining how large and widespread the problem is. It becomes a challenge because we cannot determine where to start while we know nothing about their whereabouts (Haugen and Musser 2011). Therefore, the complexity of this issue is one that needs close supervision so as to come up with new ideas on how this issue can be solved because it has proved that it is a problem on the American economy and the contemporary society. On a sociological perspective, note that sociology is the study of social change, social life and the social causes and consequences of human behavior; illegal immigration is one of the ills of the society today. The population of illegal immigrants grows over 500,000 people every year, which is exploited by criminals involved in smuggling illegal documents as well as trafficking aliens into the US borders. Furthermore, these aliens drain social services because of the conditions they live in, work and thus it becomes hard for them to abide by the law. Thus, they are prevalent to become under class and more so the source of social conflicts (Hanson et al.). Employment opportunities have deteriorated over time, which affects American citizens due to illegal immigrants. These aliens have led to competition for the available jobs with the American

Human Services Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Services Questions - Coursework Example with the reskilling of professionals of traditional servings, to have a larger gratitude of the individual as an entire person and to be responsible to the societies they work for. In the ancient time, service delivery was brutal where individuals were not treated well. In addition, the services were incomprehensive and not easily accessible (Packard, 2009). In present time delivery is humane, integrated, accessible and comprehensive. Human service professions have also developed to be more responsible unlike in the past where irresponsibility was common among them. In the present time, laws regulating how human services are delivered have been put in place, unlike in the historical era when there were no laws governing it. According to OLooney, (1996), in his article tries to capture the spirit of service integration movements and explain why it is such an enduring challenge and problem to the public organization. In addition, Weaver, (1997), discusses issues that workers delivering human services should be aware of so as to deliver services to the people effectively. Also, Monette et al., (2014), also talks how different researches done on human services and how it is a tool for enhancing service delivery. In the New York Times, The Guardian and The British Broadcasting Co-operation discuss on human services pertaining to health are d iscussed and how they vary from one hospital to another. This articles Scholarly articles have been reviewed well and make sense than the non-scholarly ones are just ones individual opinion and cannot be relied on since they have not be reviewed. Some stressors that I have experienced in life do not have enough time to complete tasks and getting more than I can manage. The emergence of this stressors was due to some psychological effects that triggered me to do impress others by subjecting myself to more work and tasks that I could not handle. In managing the lack of time, I rank my priorities and did tasks according to their

Evolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution - Research Paper Example Natural selection refers to a process in which species compete and struggle for their survival according to the limited resources and conditions of their natural environment with different adaptive abilities. As individuals in a population are not the same due to difference in inherited characteristics, nature only selects those individuals that are best suited to the environmental conditions, and thus rest of the population dies over time (Starr et al., 2012, p. 263, 264, 265). As all the offspring in a population acquire characteristics from their ancestors, produced more than nature can support and have different reproductive characteristics, only those organisms will survive that are better adapted to the living conditions. This means that organisms with higher reproduction ability will survive due to higher probability of their descendants to survive, and others will eventually become extinct due to less survival rate of their offspring with the passage of time. Since environmen tal conditions are different from place to place, there will be variation in characteristics of species at different locations. Darwin concluded that populations extending over large areas or through migration might have been isolated resulting in variation of their characteristics according to varying environments. Over long periods of time, they may have diverged or evolved into different species. For instance, Darwin found that finches on the Galapagos Islands were more similar to each other than to finches of the mainland. He also noticed that some varieties were only existent on the archipelago islands. So, he proposed that all species might have descended from a common ancestor and increase in number of species occurred through evolutionary natural selection over time rather than special creation (Strickberger, 2005, p. 22, 23). Darwin and other naturalists believed that variations among individuals of a species were due to mixing of traits from both the male and female. He wa s not aware of the heredity mechanism and different traits were regarded to be the result of blending of characteristics through generations over time. However, the concept of blending inheritance failed to describe the survival of variety as they descended through generations with time. It also failed to describe the maintenance of specific characteristics in varieties and how new species would emerge through blending. It was 1866, when Gregor Mendel published his experimental findings on garden peas. To experiment with pure seeds, he selected a self pollinating plant. He experimented with garden peas that were different from each other in many characteristics such as their flowers were either red or white, had green or yellow seeds, and tall or dwarf. After cross-breeding generations having different characteristics, he observed that descendants from each cross possessed characteristics of only one of the parents and blending did not happen. Mendel concluded that instead of blendi ng of certain fluids, heredity from parents was passed on to offspring through independent discrete units, particles or factoren, which were later termed as genes. The characteristic that appeared in a descendant after cross breeding was termed